Case Histories Menu:
Geolocation Accuracy Enhancements
Simulation of Harmonics and Intermodulation Distortions
Precision Cross Ambiguity Function Peak Interpolation Techniques
Geolocation of Fast Moving Emitters
Advanced Pulse Detection Methods
Feasibility of Low-Cost SCADA Transceivers using NASA Satellite
Adapting Satellite/DSP techniques to Biomedical Image Processing
Analysis, Corrections to Link Budget and Ground Station Requirements
Related Applications
(Magnetics, Statistics)
Geolocation of targets using overhead platforms had been called "as much Art as Science" by workstation operators. This is due to the many variables which, if not consciously and correctly taken into account, must default to operator "best guesses."

Failure to deal with the inaccuracies found in these variables (or ignoring some of the variables completely) can lead to a reluctant realization that one's geolocation system is flawed or, worse, a false sense of security and a concomitant dependency on target position estimations that are considered to be accurate when they are not.

S&ST was asked to take a major role over an extended period in producing algorithms and software for a defense contractor client that would enhance the geolocation by a more precise determination of the variables. A super-accurate interpolation method was used to determine the precise location of the (Time/Frequency) Cross Ambiguity Function or CAF. These sub-pixel methods produced a significant improvement in geolocation. Some of the specific items addressed included:

  • Coordinate Transforms
  • Correction for the "Smearing" of the CAF caused by system kinematics
  • Cramer-Rao limitations
  • Curve Fitting and Precision Interpolation
  • CW and pulsed signals
  • Error Budgets
  • Error Ellipses
  • GPS Technology
  • Improved Noise Discrimination
  • Ionospheric effects on signal path-length and frequency
  • Iterative altitude determination
  • Link budgets
  • Moving emitter provisions
  • Phase instabilities
  • Single Ball and Two-Ball time-sequential geolocation methods
  • System delays
  • Various Minimization and Optimization Techniques
Along with ongoing findings, a large final report with text and graphics was produced. Magnetic media was also sent to allow easy inclusion of graphics or text in the client's reports. Company representatives expressed appreciation for this tool and several follow-on projects have resulted. With prior permission, they may be contacted regarding their satisfaction with our services.


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